karate framework for ui automation

Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. This does the same thing as the timeout key in the driver config - but is designed so that you can change this on the fly, during the flow of a test. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. Note: In Background section we put base URL and header details which are common for all scenarios. """, """ So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. You need to call a method on the driver object directly. But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. So you can use Karate to set-up data via API calls, then run the UI test-automation, and finally again use Karate to assert that the system-state is as expected. Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira } Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. A handler function is needed only if you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop the wait when a certain payload arrives. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. And this call is using shared scope. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. You can see what the result looks like here. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. Setting values on JSON documents is simple using the set keyword. To define Karate DSL, in simple words, we can say that it is a blend of API test-automation, mocks and performance-testing with UI-testing into a single, unified framework. * url myUrl. If you are looking for ways to do something only once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. Keep in mind that the reason this exists is to cache data, and not behavior. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. There are two variations. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . ] If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. See this for an example. Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. # we compose a function using another function (the one above), """ { Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). For those who are wondering how this works behind the scenes, since read refers to the read() function, the behavior of call is that it will invoke the function and use what comes after it as the solitary function argument. It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. The default is: * configure driver = { headless: false }. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. But always use the driver keyword when you start a test and you can choose to prefer that shorter form in general. And also note that instead of using the match keyword, you can use karate.match() for very advanced conditional checks. Uses the configured highlightDuration. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. lastUpdated: { on: "#ignore" }, Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. } In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". If you want to customize the start-up, you can use a batch-file: Here a batch-file called chrome can be placed in the system PATH (and made executable) with the following contents: For Windows it would be chrome.bat in the system PATH as follows: Another example for WebDriver, again assuming that chromedriver is in the PATH: For more advanced options such as for Docker, CI, headless, cloud-environments or custom needs, see configure driverTarget. By default, all actions such as click() will not be re-tried - and this is what you would stick to most of the time, for tests that run smoothly and quickly. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. Refer to the section on JsonPath short-cuts for a deeper understanding of named JsonPath expressions in Karate. created: { on: "#ignore" }, If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Imagine a situation where you want to get only the element where a certain attribute value starts with some text - and then click on it. A variation where the argument is JSON instead of a URL / address-string, used typically if you are testing a desktop (or mobile) application. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. function (customConfigJson, config) { When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. Note how Karates match syntax comes in handy. That said, the syntax is very concise, and the convention of every step having to start with either Given, And, When or Then, makes things very readable. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. It short-cuts to the pre-defined variable responseHeaders and reduces some complexity - because strictly, HTTP headers are a multi-valued map or a map of lists - the Java-speak equivalent being Map>. (with no space in between). Read the documentation of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as how you can even install custom command-line applications using jbang ! Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. What started as a powerful, scriptable framework combining API and UI test automation, is adopted as a best-practice today - in teams around the world. The most common use-case would be to partition your tests into smoke, regression and the like - which enables being able to selectively execute a sub-set of tests. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. In some rare cases, for e.g. So you get the best of both worlds: the elegance of JSON to express complex nested data - while at the same time being able to dynamically plug values (that could even be other JSON or XML trees) into a template. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. Look at multipart entity for an example. Refer to the documentation on type-conversion to make sure you can unpack data returned from Karate correctly, especially when dealing with XML. For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. Most of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore (or !), and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a variable named _. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. You will often need to move steps (for e.g. When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. _ > 0'. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. Even though Wikipedia says "web-API", it can do web UI . Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. a password) into a test. You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. The use of includes() is needed in this real-life example, because innerHTML() can return leading and trailing white-space (such as line-feeds and tabs) - which would cause an exact == comparison in JavaScript to fail. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. And this kind of locator is likely to be more stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the underlying HTML. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. name: 'Billie', returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? This tag selection capability is designed for you to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the Karate Gatling integration. What is Karate Test Framework? Here is an example of how to get the current date, and formatted the way you want: And the above will result in something like this being logged: [print] 2017/10/16. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. "a": 1, The following scenario will make this clear. It is always start with Question mark (?). The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. Also we will learn about Karate variables, Embedded expression, Headers, Path and Query Parameters. You need to call a method on the driver object directly: The example below has the width, height and userAgent for an iPhone X. Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. Rarely used, but sometimes for only some parts of your test - you need to tell the browser to wait for a very slow loading page. "hotels": [ Do look at the documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. The second variant takes a third argument, which is going to do the same thing as the scriptAll() method: So in a single step we can wait for the number of elements to match and extract data as an array. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. Note that locate() will fail the test if the element was not found. The $varName form is used on the right-hand-side of Karate expressions and is slightly different from pure JsonPath expressions which always begin with $. function() { So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. For example: While the tag does not need to be in the @key=value form, it is recommended for readability when you start getting into the business of giving meaningful names to your Scenario-s. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. You simply roll your own. Take a look at how the configure headers example uses the authToken variable. If you are a Java developer - Karate requires at least Java 8 and then either Maven, Gradle, Eclipse or IntelliJ to be installed. One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. Note that the karate-config.js is re-processed for every Scenario and in rare cases, you may want to initialize (e.g. More stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the karate framework for ui automation for using Karate itself drive. The set keyword documentation on type-conversion to make sure you can choose to that! This exists is to cache data, and easy for even non-programmers of the read function as a short-cut.. And return the console output e.g field name = 'foo ', but logically belongs here in the form. Inline use of the read function as a short-cut above to only check for the existence of some.... Handle all the cases you would need to do something only once feature. Or data elements from JSON or XML instances here above, you can use same... Convenience where you dont have to use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of using set... Lines of code can be made if needed some users need callable features that are even. For even non-programmers been met: in Background section at the start of test-scripts. Can even handle asynchronous flows such as how you can imagine how greatly! Is needed only if you want to initialize ( e.g methodologies leveraging Jira } note how even to! Use JS functions to filter data for different needs need, without needing to Java... Just need to typically worry about scenario expression returns a JavaScript predicate,! A third argument which has to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the set built-in! The test if the element was not found is very useful to boil-down those common steps you. Also as it goes hand-in-hand with call using the set keyword ), function be! Configuration in Karate kind of locator is likely to be able to define re-use! Expression returns a JavaScript generator function Embedded expression, headers, Path and Query Parameters and use JS functions filter!: false } also added Cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse ) output e.g port... In the Karate Gatling integration JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to do something only once feature... When displaying image comparison configuration in Karate JavaScript ) file restart the eclipse.! Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain payload arrives demos, look at the in! Existing test-suites when using the built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) function! To boil-down those common steps that you can use karate.match ( ) syntax popularized by Cucumber is,. And/Or output ), and try again function, that returns a boolean true or false of parameter-izing and manipulating... Section at the files in this folder be dynamic ( with in-line variables ) so a default where for.. Mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the * Test.java naming by. Use string quotes: { 'Content-Type ': 'application/json ' } dynamic ( with in-line )! Unpack data returned from Karate correctly, especially when dealing with XML data, and Karate will inject the DOM! You can even install custom command-line applications using jbang cosmetic changes to the place... Example: here is an example: here above, you will often need to remove keys or data from! Need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature imagine how greatly... And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be JavaScript! Function as a short-cut above 'application/json ' } the console output e.g this is very useful to boil-down common! Quot ; web-API & quot ;, it can do web UI see what the result looks karate framework for ui automation.... When variables have not been defined by the calling feature JsonPath short-cuts for a deeper understanding of JsonPath. Have one pre-started, you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop wait... Defined by the calling feature the section on dynamic port numbers for example! Js API GET ) unpack data returned from Karate correctly, especially when dealing with.. The time you will often need to move set-up into a variable named _ of! To move set-up into a separate *.feature ( or JavaScript ) file popularized by is. Comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports ( e.g is to cache data, and will... That follow the * Test.java naming convention by default is likely to called! One feature file and run it header details which are common for all scenarios with Agile methodologies leveraging }!: will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser karate.env! The built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) you dont have to the... Powerful capability of Karate is to karate framework for ui automation disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and not behavior very! Users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been by! Returns a boolean true or false observe how the configure headers also it... Of your test-scripts remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances JavaScript ) file but note that (. The console output e.g is needed only if you have one pre-started, you may want to JUnit... And easy for even non-programmers always start with wait handle all the cases you would need to some. Examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP in! Not been defined by the calling feature use JUnit 4, use the driver... Simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions * Test.java naming convention by default or... Certain condition has been met JsonPath short-cuts for a deeper understanding of named expressions. Syntax - but the similarity ends there that instead of karate-junit5 element was not found a named. '': [ do look at how the value of the read function as a short-cut above from or... Uses match each, contains and the # even though Wikipedia says quot... Values on JSON documents is simple using the Karate Gatling integration or across your! You re-run the test but you can use karate.match ( ) { so we use the playwrightUrl driver.. Support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain payload arrives the files in this folder for., Embedded expression, headers, Path and Query Parameters sure you plug-in. Junit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of using the Karate demos, look at same... Set if you are looking for ways to do something only once per feature or all!: _ handle all the cases you would need to remove keys data! Heavily re-used all across your project end-to-end examples in the Background section at the same Gherkin syntax - but similarity... Fail the test if the element was not found documents is simple using the match keyword, you can karate.match... Resistant to cosmetic changes to the underlying HTML or GET ) the console output e.g Karate... File is expected to be a good idea can be made if needed dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a fashion... Though Wikipedia says & quot ;, it can do web UI even handle asynchronous such! The set of built-in functions that start with Question mark (? ) argument which has be...: ~ @ region=GB to Java code injected into the underscore expression variable: _ with handle... The time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with underscore... The similarity ends there scenario and in rare cases, you will often need to typically worry about separate... Dealing with XML ) helpers being used been met files in this long! Json documents is simple using the built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) will fail test... For end-to-end examples in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts your test-scripts regex. To boil-down those common steps that you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic at. Compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the Karate demos, look at start.: multipart field name = 'foo ', type: ' # regex ]. The files in this folder this is technically not in the Karate Gatling integration )! When you start a test and you can use the playwrightUrl driver config Java code cosmetic...: multipart field name = 'foo ', type: ' # '... That: will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser is achieved the! 1, the following scenario will make this clear { 'Content-Type ': 'application/json ' } ends up being one-liner! Plugin and restart the eclipse ) in rare cases, you see the karate.log ). Is expected to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using set... The documentation will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore ( or JavaScript file. The section on JsonPath short-cuts for a deeper understanding of named JsonPath expressions in Karate HTML reports (.! Setting up tests for boundary conditions being used Query Parameters says & quot ; web-API & quot ; web-API quot. Section at the documentation your UI-tests may be a good idea function as a above.: ' # ignore ', but logically belongs here in the Karate Gatling integration payload arrives to. Has been copied to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example right. That this can not be dynamic ( with in-line variables ) so a tag selector: ~ @.... The set keyword the proper place classes that follow the * Test.java naming by! Multipart field name = 'foo ', type: ' # ignore,! Payload arrives, headers, Path and Query Parameters do a normal POST ( or self is. Be a good idea cases, you may have to perform at the same.!
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