During his reign he adopted several repressive policies including the Russification of national minorities in the Russian Empire as well as persecution of the non-Orthodox religious groups. Alexander was concerned that his heir-apparent, Nicholas, was too gentle and naive to become an effective Emperor. Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich was born on 10 March 1845 at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, the second son and third child of Tsesarevich Alexander (Future Alexander II) and his first wife Maria Alexandrovna (ne Princess Marie of Hesse). To his credit, as a husband and a father he was greatly successful. His straightforward manner savoured sometimes of gruffness, while his unadorned method of expressing himself harmonized well with his rough-hewn immobile features. ", I. Michael Aronson, "The Prospects for the Emancipation of Russian Jewry during the 1880s.". Raymond A. Mohl, "Confrontation in Central Asia, 1885,", Charles Jelavich, "Russo-Bulgarian relations, 1892-1896: with particular reference to the problem of the bulgarian succession. Biography Alexander III of Russia was the emperor of Russia from 1881 to 1894. He was known for being a conservative leader who went back on many of the liberal . These included Alexander II's blood-soaked uniform that he died wearing, and his reading glasses. However, according to contemporaries, having seen the horrors of battle first hand, Alexander developed a loathing for war. As tsesarevich, Alexander began to study the principles of law and administration under Konstantin Pobedonostsev, then a professor of civil law at Moscow State University and later (from 1880) chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in Russia. [32], Despite chilly relations with Berlin, the Tsar nevertheless confined himself to keeping a large number of troops near the German frontier. Russia's hopes for a constitution also died that day. In accordance with this conviction, he suggested that certain reforms should be introduced. Alexander III of Russia is best remembered as a man of peace. Tsarist and Communist Russia Alexander III Alexander III Alexander III Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War As a result, Alexander relocated his family to the Gatchina Palace, located 30 kilometres (20mi) south of St. Petersburg. Emperors, Former Emperor of all Russia, Kings, Historical Personalities, Emperors & Kings, Leaders, Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia, Russian Orthodox Church, Eastern Christianity. He inherited the throne from his father, Alexander II, who was assassinated by an organisation called Narodnaya Volya. [61] Despite being exceedingly weak, Alexander insisted on receiving Alix in full dress uniform, an event that left him exhausted. 1882). Serious illness fell upon the robust Alexander entirely unexpectedly. He was the embodiment of the fabled Russian bear. He married Dagmar of Denmark (1847-1928) 9 November 1866 . Alexander III of Russia, Tsar of Russia, was born 10 March 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia to Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881) and Maria von Hessen und bei Rhein (1824-1880) and died 1 November 1894 Livadia Palace Livadiya, Russia of nephritis. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. We can find you a suitable interpreter for your negotiations, research or other needs. By the time of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Alexander was in the theater of operations and headed a large force known as the Eastern Detachment that was assigned the task of capturing the Ruschuk fortress on the banks of the Danube. On May 11 (April 29, Old Style), 1881, Pobedonostsev published a manifesto, written without the ministers' knowledge, in which the emperor described himself as "chosen to defend" autocratic power. On March 1, 1881, on the eve of the signing into law Russia's first constitution, two assassins threw bombs at the Tsar's carriage in St. Petersburg. Get our help and advice choosing services and options to plan a prefect train journey. In 1865, Nicolas died suddenly and Alexander became heir apparent (as Tsarevich). At the same time, the country experienced an economic upturn: preparations were made for a monetary reform and the introduction of the gold-backed rouble, a tax reform was introduced, customs regulations adopted, and the introduction of a government monopoly on the wine trade increased tax revenues. Indeed, he was not educated or prepared in his youth to be Emperor. The termination of the Russo-German alliance in 1890 drove Alexander reluctantly into an alliance with France, a country that he strongly disliked as the breeding place of revolutions. Alexander III, however, had no such luxury. He was much more lenient with his children than most European monarchs, and he told their tutors, "I do not need porcelain, I want normal healthy Russian children.[46] General Cherevin believed that the clever George was "the favourite of both parents". [citation needed] Girs was in charge of a diplomacy that featured numerous negotiated settlements, treaties and conventions. He loved the simplicity of Russian life and had little taste for anything western. However, during a trip to Europe, Nicholas unexpectedly fell ill with meningitis and died in Nice, and Alexander, to his own surprise, became heir to the throne. Autocratic rule was established at a time in Russian history when the nation was illiterate, uneducated, and attacked from foreign powers on all sides. Contents 1 Biography Alexander became Emperor of Russia when his father was assassinated 23 March 1801. Alexander III (1845-1894) was the father of Nicholas II and the second-last Romanov tsar of Russia. He was a loving father and devoted husband. Please send your comments or suggestions on this page to Scott Malsom. Their second child, George, was born in 1871 followed by Xenia (1871), Michael (1878) and Olga (1882). [60] On 21 October, Alexander received Nicholas's fiance, Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt, who had come from her native Darmstadt to receive the Tsar's blessing. He adopted programs, based on the concepts of Orthodoxy, autocracy, and narodnost (a belief in the Russian people), that included the Russification of national minorities in the Russian Empire as well as persecution of the non-Orthodox religious groups. 13 March [O.S. He left behind an incomplete legacy, his work unfinished, and an heir unprepared to rule. Alexander III of Russia is best remembered as a man of peace. Even though he did not play an important role in the public life as the heir apparent, he made it clear to his father that many of his own beliefs did not coincide with the principles of the existing government. Alexander III's height Unknown & weight Not Available right. On 18 November 2017, Vladimir Putin unveiled a bronze monument to Alexander III on the site of the former Maly Livadia Palace in Crimea. [33], In Central Asian affairs he followed the traditional policy of gradually extending Russian domination without provoking conflict with the United Kingdom (see Panjdeh incident), and he never allowed the bellicose partisans of a forward policy to get out of hand. This included acquaintance with French, English and German, and military drill.[8]. Also Known As: Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov, siblings: Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, children: Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia, See the events in life of Alexander III Of Russia in Chronological Order, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQidSbLmRLM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvRHs0X7RCw. He was buried in the St. Peter & Paul Cathedral in St Petersburg, the last Tsar be so. Copyright 2001-2023 ZAO "SAINT-PETERSBURG.COM". Bound by duty, he left his lady-love and married Princess Dagmar of Denmark (later known as Maria Feodorovna) in 1866 in the Imperial Chapel of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. 17 October]1888 the Imperial train derailed in an accident at Borki. Age, Height & Body Measurements. [3]. [50] In contrast to the strict security observed in Russia, Alexander and Maria revelled in the relative freedom that they enjoyed in Denmark, Alexander once commenting to the Prince and Princess of Wales near the end of a visit that he envied them being able to return to a happy home in England, while he was returning to his Russian prison. In the other provinces he clipped the feeble wings of the zemstvo (an elective local administration resembling the county and parish councils in England) and placed the autonomous administration of the peasant communes under the supervision of landed proprietors appointed by the government. At the same time, Russia gradually annexed the territory of Turkmenistan and increased its presence in the Far East, where Japan's active policies were causing the country great concern. He imposed the Russian language and Russian schools on his German, Polish, and Finnish subjects, and gave orders for persecuting the Jews and destroying the German, Polish, and Swedish institutions in the Russian provinces. His simplicity was also evident in his choice of living quarters. [57][self-published source]. However, this peace was often done at the expense of the working class and peasantry. [64][65] Alexander III is believed to be one of Putin's admired historic leaders, along with Joseph Stalin. These laws encouraged open anti-Jewish sentiment and dozens of pogroms across the western part of the empire. Alexanders decision-making was supported by his old tutor Pobedonoststev, who continued to provide him with advice during his reign. 20 October] 1894. "[6], Unlike his extroverted wife, Alexander disliked social functions and avoided St. Petersburg. Upon succeeding the throne on the death of his father, Emperor Alexander II of Russia, he reversed some of the liberal reforms his father had implemented during his reign. Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (18271907), he opposed any reform that limited his autocratic rule. After Alexander died, his heir Nicholas continued the tradition and commissioned two eggs, one for his wife, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and one for his mother, Dagmar, every Easter. 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